Magda Wojcik

Types of bias in research

Most common types of bias in research include selection bias, recall bias, observer bias, response bias, attrition bias, confirmation bias, publication bias, performance bias, measurement …

Read More

Hypothesis vs thesis

Hypothesis vs thesis represents two core approaches to structuring academic research. A hypothesis predicts a measurable outcome that researchers test through observation or experimentation, while …

Read More

PhD viva

A PhD viva — also called a viva voce, doctoral viva, thesis defense presentation or PhD defense — is the final oral examination for doctoral …

Read More

What is a BA dissertation?

A BA dissertation is a substantial piece of independent research written in the final year of a Bachelor of Arts degree. It requires students to …

Read More

Research objectives

Research objectives are specific, actionable goals that guide academic research by defining what the study aims to achieve. They help structure the research process and …

Read More

Research aim

In academic writing, a research aim defines the central purpose of a study. It sets the direction for the entire project by stating what the …

Read More